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<text id=91TT2886>
<title>
Dec. 30, 1991: South Africa:Negotiations at Last
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Dec. 30, 1991 The Search For Mary
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 30
SOUTH AFRICA
Negotiations At Last
</hdr><body>
<p>The nation's black and white leaders gather to start designing a
democracy
</p>
<p> Peace and goodwill were appropriately item No. 1 on the
national agenda the weekend before Christmas. They were the
objectives proclaimed by all 19 of the delegations that opened
formal negotiations on a new, nonracial constitution for the
country. As the 228 black, white, Indian and mixed-race
politicians gathered for the first session of the Convention for
a Democratic South Africa at a conference center near
Johannesburg, African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela
said the challenge they faced was "to unshackle ourselves from
the past and build anew."
</p>
<p> Now that the legislative pillars of apartheid have been
scrapped, South Africa is trying to complete its transformation
into a multiparty parliamentary system that will, for the first
time, include the black majority. As its first task, the
convention must provide the framework for a new constitution and
the transition to it.
</p>
<p> There unanimity ends. The A.N.C. and its allies demand
that the white government of President F.W. de Klerk hand over
power to an interim government that would hold elections for a
constituent assembly to draft a new constitution. The ruling
National Party rejects the idea, though it is willing to amend
the present constitution to allow blacks to participate in the
government during the transition. The government also opposes
the notion of an elected constituent assembly. De Klerk says he
intends to "share power," but will not surrender it to a black
majority.
</p>
<p> The convention is open to all parties that want to
participate, and a wide spectrum of political groups and local
leaders went to the table. The opening session attracted
spokesmen for most South Africans, but it was not completely
representative because some extremist groups are boycotting the
whole process.
</p>
<p> The mostly Afrikaner Conservative Party, the official
opposition in Parliament, calls the talks a recipe for white
"annihilation." The neo-Nazi Afrikaner Resistance Movement says
it will not negotiate with "terrorists and communists." Both
warn they will fight rather than accept a black government.
Right-wing whites were suspected of setting off bombs last week
in the Orange Free State and the Transvaal; there were no
injuries.
</p>
<p> On the other side, the Patriotic Front of 90 mostly black
organizations forged last October has split. The far-left Pan
Africanist Congress, which still uses the slogan "One settler,
one bullet," denounces the convention as a sellout to whites.
So does the Azanian People's Organization, a small
black-consciousness group.
</p>
<p> Even if Mandela and De Klerk bridge their differences on
how to get started, another broad area of disagreement lies
ahead. The A.N.C. wants the new constitution to provide for
majority rule and a strong, centralized government. The National
Party is holding out for a collective three- or five-person
presidency, a decentralized federal system and what amounts to
a veto for whites over major legislation.
</p>
<p> Last week's session was not intended to resolve all the
issues. It provided a forum for the participants to state their
opening positions and to figure out how to take the next step.
Before adjourning on Saturday, the convention adopted a
"declaration of intent" vowing to achieve democracy. The
delegates also set up working groups that will begin meeting
next month on questions like the basic principles of a new
constitution and the nature of a transitional government. The
groups plan to report to another session of the convention in
mid-March.
</p>
<p> By Bruce W. Nelan. Reported by Peter Hawthorne/Cape Town
</p>
</body></article>
</text>